Computer Technology
Computer Technology, जिसने हमारी दुनिया ही बदल दी है, आज के दौर Computer के बिना किसी भी कार्य की कल्‍पना (Imagination) नहीं की जा सकती है, चाहे वह Educational institutions हो, Office हो या कोई कम्‍पनी यहॉ तक हवाई जहाज जैसी विशाल मशीन को भी Computer Technology की ही सहायता से कन्‍ट्रोल किया जाता है, लेकिन इस तकनीक (Technology) शुरू से ऐसी नहीं थी, बहुत सारे प्रयोगों (Experiments) और क्रमिक विकास (Progressive development) के दौरान इसको यह स्‍वरूप (pattern) और कार्यक्षमता (Efficiency) मिली है, और यह प्रयोग (Experiment) इस तकनीकी (Technology) पर अभी भी निरंतर (Continuous) जारी हैं जिससे मानव जीवन (Human Life) के दैनिक कार्यो (Daily tasks) को और भी आसान (Easy) और तेज (Fast) बनाया जा सके, तो आइये जानते हैं इस तकनीक (Technology) से जुडे रोचक तथ्‍यों (Interesting Facts) के बारे में-

कंप्यूटर के बारे में सबसे चौंकाने वाले और दिलचस्प तथ्य

Most Amazing Interesting Facts About Computer

1. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि दैनिक प्रयोग (Daily Use) में आने वाला कॉम्प्यूटर माउस (Computer Mouse) सबसे पहले लकडी (Wood) का बनाया गया था।
2. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि प्रतिमाह लगभग 5000 कॉम्प्यूटर वायरस (Virus) बनाये जाते हैं। 
3. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि अब तक लगभग 17 अरब डिवाइस (Devices) में इन्‍टरनेट (Internet) प्रयोग किया चुका है। 
4. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि विश्‍व की पहली हार्डडिस्‍क (Hard Disk) में केवल 5 MB डाटा स्‍टोर किया जा सकता था। 
5. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि कम्‍प्‍यूटर स्‍क्रीन (Computer Screen) में दिखने वाले सभी द्रश्य (Visual) केवल तीन रंगों (लाल, हरा, नीला) से मिलकर बने होते हैं।
6. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि दुनिया के पहले (The world's first) कॉम्प्यूटर मॉनिटर (Computer Monitor) का प्रयोग सर्वप्रथम 1980 में किया गया था। 
7. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि दुनिया का पहले कॉम्प्यूटर कीबोर्ड (Keyboard) का अविष्‍कार (Invention) 1968 में किया गया था। 
8. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि CD, DVD और Pen Drive से पहले बाहरी डाटा आदान प्रदान करने हेतु फ़्लॉपी डिस्क (floppy disk) का प्रयोग किया जाता था। 
9. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि प्रथम फ़्लॉपी डिस्क (floppy disk) का अविष्‍कार (Invention) 1970 में हुआ था, जिसकी स्‍टोरज क्षमता (Store Capacity) केवल 75.79 KB थी। 
10. क्‍या आप जानते हैं कि दुनिया में सर्वाधिक प्रयोग किया जाना वाला USB हार्डवेयर पेन ड्राइव वर्ष 1999 में अस्तित्‍व में आया था। लेकिन बाजार में इसे वर्ष 2000 में उतारा गया था, उस समय इसकी स्‍टोरेज क्षमता केवल 8 MB थी। 

Memory Hierarchy Design and its Characteristics

In the Computer System Design, Memory Hierarchy is an enhancement to organize the memory such that it can minimize the access time. The Memory Hierarchy was developed based on a program behavior known as locality of references.The figure below clearly demonstrates the different levels of memory hierarchy :

This Memory Hierarchy Design is divided into 2 main types:

1. External Memory or Secondary Memory –
   Comprising of Magnetic Disk, Optical Disk, Magnetic Tape i.e. peripheral storage devices which are accessible by the processor via I/O Module.
2. Internal Memory or Primary Memory –
   Comprising of Main Memory, Cache Memory & CPU registers. This is directly accessible by the processor.

We can infer the following characteristics of Memory Hierarchy Design from above figure:

1. Capacity:
   It is the global volume of information the memory can store. As we move from top to bottom in the Hierarchy, the capacity increases.
2. Access Time:
   It is the time interval between the read/write request and the availability of the data. As we move from top to bottom in the Hierarchy, the access time increases.
3. Performance:
   Earlier when the computer system was designed without Memory Hierarchy design, the speed gap increases between the CPU registers and Main Memory due to large difference in access time. This results in lower performance of the system and thus, enhancement was required. This enhancement was made in the form of Memory Hierarchy Design because of which the performance of the system increases. One of the most significant ways to increase system performance is minimizing how far down the memory hierarchy one has to go to manipulate data.
4. Cost per bit:
   As we move from bottom to top in the Hierarchy, the cost per bit increases i.e. Internal Memory is costlier than External Memory.

What Is The Full Form Of Computer?

C= Common 
O= Oriented 
M= Machine 
P= Particularly 
U= United and used under 
T= Technical and 
E= Educational 
R= Research

कंप्यूटर का पूरा नाम क्या है?

हिंदी में कंप्यूटर के नाम का अर्थ 

C=सामान्य
O=उन्मुखी
M=मशीन
P=विशेष रूप से
U=संयुक्त और इसके तहत इस्तेमाल किया
T=तकनीकी और
E=शैक्षिक
R=अनुसंधान

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Full Forms Start From "A" In Computer World

ADSL – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port

ALI – Acer Labs, Incorporated

ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit

AMD – Advanced Micro Devices

APC – American Power Conversion

ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASIC – Application Specific Integrated Circuit

ASPI – Advanced SCSI Programming Interface

AT – Advanced Technology

ATI – ATI Technologies Inc.

ATX – Advanced Technology Extended

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Full Forms Start From "B" In Computer World

BFG – BFG Technologies

BIOS – Basic Input Output System

BNC – Barrel Nut Connector

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Full Forms Start From "C" In Computer World

COMPUTER – Common Operating Machine particularly Used For Tade, Education and Research.
CAS – Column Address Signal

CD – Compact Disk

CDR – Compact Disk Recorder

CDRW – Compact Disk ReWriter

CD-ROM – Compact Disk - Read Only Memory

CFM – Cubic Feet per Minute

CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

CPU – Central Processing Unit

CTX – CTX Technology Corporation

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Full Forms Start From "D" In Computer World

DDR – Double Data Rate

DDR-SDRAM – Double Data Rate - Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory

DFI – DFI Inc. Design for Innovation

DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module

DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory

DPI – Dots Per Inch

DSL – See ASDL

DVD – Digital Versatile Disc

DVD-RAM – Digital Versatile Disk - Random Access Memory

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Full Forms Start From "E" In Computer World

ECC – Error Correction Code

ECS – Elitegroup Computer Systems

EDO – Extended Data Out

EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EVGA – EVGA Corporation

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Full Forms Start From "F" In Computer World

FC-PGA – Flip Chip Pin Grid Array

FDC – Floppy Disk Controller

FDD – Floppy Disk Drive

FPS – Frame Per Second

FPU – Floating Point Unit

FSAA – Full Screen Anti Aliasing

FS – For Sale

FSB – Front Side Bus

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Full Forms Start From "G" In Computer World

GB – Gigabytes

GBps – Gigabytes per second or Gigabits per second

GDI – Graphical Device Interface

GHz – GigaHertz

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Full Forms Start From "H" In Computer World

GB – Gigabytes

GBps – Gigabytes per second or Gigabits per second

GDI – Graphical Device Interface

GHz – GigaHertz

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Full Forms Start From "I" In Computer World

IBM – International Business Machines Corporation

IC – Integrated Circuit

IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics

IFS- Item for Sale

IRQ – Interrupt Request

ISA – Industry Standard Architecture

ISO – International Standards Organization

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Full Forms Start From "J" In Computer World

JBL – JBL, Jame B. Lansing., Speakers

JVC – JVC Company of America

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Full Forms Start From "K" In Computer World

Kbps – Kilobits Per Second

KBps – KiloBytes per second

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Full Forms Start From "L" In Computer World

LG – LG Electronics

LAN – Local Area Network

LCD – Liquid Crystal Display

LDT – Lightning Data Transport

LED – Light Emitting Diode

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Full Forms Start From "M" In Computer World

MAC – Media Access Control

MB  – MotherBoard or Megabyte

MBps – Megabytes Per Second

Mbps – Megabits Per Second or Megabits Per Second

MHz – MegaHertz

MIPS – Million Instructions Per Second

MMX – Multi Media Extensions

MSI – Micro Star International

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